Therefore, Linux, like all modern UNIX implementations, provides a rich set of mechanisms
for interprocess communication (IPC), including the following:
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signals, which are used to indicate that an event has occurred;
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pipes (familiar to shell users as the | operator) and FIFOs, which can be used to transfer data between processes;
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sockets, which can be used to transfer data from one process to another, either on the same host computer or on different hosts connected by a network;
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file locking, which allows a process to lock regions of a file in order to prevent other processes from reading or updating the file contents;
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message queues, which are used to exchange messages (packets of data) between processes;
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semaphores, which are used to synchronize the actions of processes; and
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shared memory, which allows two or more processes to share a piece of memory. When one process changes the contents of the shared memory, all of the other processes can immediately see the changes.
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